Contents

1. Neurocognitive function and reserve

2. Maternal Metabolic Health

3. The first 1000 days

4. Obesity

5. Type 1 Diabetes

6. ASD and ADHD

7. Epilepsy

8. Metabolically resilient?

1. Neurocognitive function

1. Stern, Y. (2012) ‘Cognitive reserve in ageing and Alzheimer’s disease’, Lancet

neurology, 11(11), pp. 1006–1012. Available at:

https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(12)70191-6.

2. Sünram-Lea, S. and Owen, L. (2017) ‘The impact of diet-based glycaemic

response and glucose regulation on cognition: evidence across the lifespan’, The

Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 76, pp. 1–12. Available at:

https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665117000829.

3. Schwarzenberg, S.J., Georgieff, M.K., COMMITTEE ON NUTRITION, Daniels, S.,

Corkins, M., Golden, N.H., Kim, J.H., Lindsey, C.W. and Magge, S.N. (2018)

‘Advocacy for Improving Nutrition in the First 1000 Days to Support Childhood

Development and Adult Health’, Pediatrics, 141(2), p. e20173716. Available at:

https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-3716.

4. Jia, J. et al. (2023) ‘A 19-Year-Old Adolescent with Probable Alzheimer’s Disease

1’, Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 91(3), pp. 915–922. Available at:

https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-221065.

5. Hawkins, M.A.W., Keirns, N.G. and Helms, Z. (2018) ‘Carbohydrates and cognitive

function’, Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care, 21(4), pp.

302–307. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0000000000000471.

6. Hennessy, Á., McCarthy, E.K., ní Chaoimh, C., Murray, D.M. and Kiely, M. (2023)

‘Poor quality diets characterised by low nutrient density foods observed in

one-quarter of 2-year-olds in a high resource setting.’, The Journal of Nutrition

[Preprint]. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.06.029.

7. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight

1

2. Maternal Metabolic Health

1. Rivera, H.M., Christiansen, K.J. and Sullivan, E.L. (2015) ‘The role of maternal

obesity in the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders’, Frontiers in Neuroscience, 9.

doi:10.3389/fnins.2015.00194.

2. Energy Homeostasis: Hypothalamic Development. K.L. Grove, in Encyclopedia of

Neuroscience, 2009

3. Bordeleau M, Fernández de Cossío L, Chakravarty MM, Tremblay MÈ. From

Maternal Diet to Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Story of Neuroinflammation.

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience. 2021

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncel.2020.612705

4. Musa E, Salazar-Petres E, Arowolo A, Levitt N, Matjila M, Sferruzzi-Perri AN.

Obesity and gestational diabetes independently and collectively induce specific

effects on placental structure, inflammation and endocrine function in a cohort

of South African women. The Journal of Physiology [Internet]. [cited 2023 Feb

28];n/a(n/a). Available from:

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1113/JP284139

5. Saros, L., Lind, A., Setänen, S., Tertti, K., Koivuniemi, E., Ahtola, A., Haataja, L.,

Shivappa, N., Hébert, J.R., Vahlberg, T. and Laitinen, K. (2023) ‘Maternal obesity,

gestational diabetes mellitus, and diet in association with neurodevelopment of

2-year-old children’, Pediatric Research, pp. 1–10. Available at:

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-022-02455-4.

6. Dearden, L. and Ozanne, S.E. (2023) ‘Early life impacts of maternal obesity: a

window of opportunity to improve the health of two generations’, Philosophical

Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 378(1885), p. 20220222.

Available at: https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2022.0222.

7. Kwok, J., Speyer, L.G., Soursou, G., Murray, A.L., Fanti, K.A. and Auyeung, B. (2023)

‘Maternal metabolic syndrome in pregnancy and child development at age 5:

exploring mediating mechanisms using cord blood markers’, BMC Medicine,

21(1), p. 124. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-023-02835-5.

8. Ley, S.H., O’Connor, D.L., Retnakaran, R., Hamilton, J.K., Sermer, M., Zinman, B. and

Hanley, A.J. (2010) ‘Impact of maternal metabolic abnormalities in pregnancy on

human milk and subsequent infant metabolic development: methodology and

design’, BMC Public Health, 10(1), p. 590. Available at:

https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-10-590.

9. Ley, S.H., Hanley, A.J., Sermer, M., Zinman, B. and O’Connor, D.L. (2012)

‘Associations of prenatal metabolic abnormalities with insulin and adiponectin

concentrations in human milk’, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 95(4),

pp. 867–874. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.111.028431.

10. Tekin-Guler, T., Koc, N., Kara-Uzun, A. and Fisunoglu, M. (2023) ‘The Effect of

Prepregnancy Obesity on Breast Milk Fatty Acids and the Relationship of Breast

Milk Fatty Acids with Maternal Diet and Infant Growth’, Breastfeeding Medicine

[Preprint]. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1089/bfm.2023.0002.

July 2023 Top p 2

11. Fu, Y., Liu, X., Zhou, B., Jiang, A.C. and Chai, L. (2016) ‘An updated review of

worldwide levels of docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acid in human breast milk

by region’, Public Health Nutrition, 19(15), pp. 2675–2687. Available at:

https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980016000707.

12. Kuratko, C.N., Barrett, E.C., Nelson, E.B. and Norman, S. (2013) ‘The Relationship

of Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) with Learning and Behavior in Healthy

Children: A Review’, Nutrients, 5(7), pp. 2777–2810. Available at:

https://doi.org/10.3390/nu5072777.

13. Lauritzen, L., Brambilla, P., Mazzocchi, A., Harsløf, L.B.S., Ciappolino, V. and

Agostoni, C. (2016) ‘DHA Effects in Brain Development and Function’, Nutrients,

8(1), p. 6. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8010006.

14. Chudoba, C., Wardelmann, K. and Kleinridders, A. (2019) ‘Molecular effects of

dietary fatty acids on brain insulin action and mitochondrial function’, Biological

Chemistry, 400(8), pp. 991–1003. Available at:

https://doi.org/10.1515/hsz-2018-0477.

15. Agrawal, R. and Gomez-Pinilla, F. (2012) ‘“Metabolic syndrome” in the brain:

deficiency in omega-3 fatty acid exacerbates dysfunctions in insulin receptor

signalling and cognition’, The Journal of Physiology, 590(Pt 10), pp. 2485–2499.

Available at: https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2012.230078.

16. Schwarzenberg, S.J., Georgieff, M.K., COMMITTEE ON NUTRITION, Daniels, S.,

Corkins, M., Golden, N.H., Kim, J.H., Lindsey, C.W. and Magge, S.N. (2018)

‘Advocacy for Improving Nutrition in the First 1000 Days to Support Childhood

Development and Adult Health’, Pediatrics, 141(2), p. e20173716. Available at:

https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-3716.

17. Londoño-Sierra, D.C., Mesa, V., Guzmán, N.C., Bolívar Parra, L.,

Montoya-Campuzano, O.I. and Restrepo-Mesa, S.L. (2023) ‘Maternal Diet May

Modulate Breast Milk Microbiota—A Case Study in a Group of Colombian

Women’, Microorganisms, 11(7), p. 1812. Available at:

https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11071812.

18. Streit F, Prandovszky E, Send T, Zillich L, Frank J, Sabunciyan S, Foo J, Sirignano L,

Lange B, Bardtke S, Hatfield G, Witt SH, Gilles M, Rietschel M, Deuschle M, Yolken

R. Microbiome profiles are associated with cognitive functioning in

45-month-old children. Brain Behav Immun. 2021 Nov;98:151-160. doi:

10.1016/j.bbi.2021.08.001. Epub 2021 Aug 6. PMID: 34371134.

19. Carlson, A.L., Xia, K., Azcarate-Peril, M.A., Goldman, B.D., Ahn, M., Styner, M.A.,

Thompson, A.L., Geng, X., Gilmore, J.H. and Knickmeyer, R.C. (2018) ‘Infant Gut

Microbiome Associated With Cognitive Development’, Biological Psychiatry,

83(2), pp. 148–159. Available at:

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.06.021.

20. Paquette, A.F., Carbone, B.E., Vogel, S., Israel, E., Maria, S.D., Patil, N.P., Sah, S.,

Chowdhury, D., Kondratiuk, I., Labhart, B., Morrow, A.L., Phillips, S.C., Kuang, C.,

Hondmann, D., Pandey, N. and Biederer, T. (2023) ‘The human milk component

myo-inositol promotes neuronal connectivity’, Proceedings of the National

July 2023 Top p 3

Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 120(30), p. e2221413120.

Available at: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2221413120. -add

21. Dearden, L. and Ozanne, S.E. (2023) ‘Early life impacts of maternal obesity: a

window of opportunity to improve the health of two generations’, Philosophical

Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 378(1885), p. 20220222.

Available at: https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2022.0222.

22. Nutrition Network - Professional Training in Women’s Health ;

https://courses.nutrition-network.org/p/womens-health

3. The First 1000 days

1. Lu, C., Black, M.M. and Richter, L.M. (2016) ‘Risk of poor development in young

children in low-income and middle-income countries: an estimation and analysis

at the global, regional, and country level’, The Lancet. Global health, 4(12), pp.

e916–e922. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30266-2.

2. Pollitt, E., Gorman, K.S., Engle, P.L., Rivera, J.A. and Martorell, R. (1995) ‘Nutrition

in early life and the fulfillment of intellectual potential’, The Journal of Nutrition,

125(4 Suppl), pp. 1111S-1118S. Available at:

https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/125.suppl_4.1111S.

3. Schwarzenberg, S.J., Georgieff, M.K., COMMITTEE ON NUTRITION, Daniels, S.,

Corkins, M., Golden, N.H., Kim, J.H., Lindsey, C.W. and Magge, S.N. (2018)

‘Advocacy for Improving Nutrition in the First 1000 Days to Support Childhood

Development and Adult Health’, Pediatrics, 141(2), p. e20173716. Available at:

https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-3716.

4. Hulett, J.L., Weiss, R.E., Bwibo, N.O., Galal, O.M., Drorbaugh, N. and Neumann, C.G.

(2014) ‘Animal source foods have a positive impact on the primary school test

scores of Kenyan schoolchildren in a cluster-randomised, controlled feeding

intervention trial’, British Journal of Nutrition, 111(5), pp. 875–886. Available at:

https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114513003310.

5. Whaley, S.E., Sigman, M., Neumann, C., Bwibo, N., Guthrie, D., Weiss, R.E., Alber, S.

and Murphy, S.P. (2003) ‘The Impact of Dietary Intervention on the Cognitive

Development of Kenyan School Children’, The Journal of Nutrition, 133(11), pp.

3965S-3971S. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/133.11.3965S.

6. Siekmann, J.H., Allen, L.H., Bwibo, N.O., Demment, M.W., Murphy, S.P. and

Neumann, C.G. (2003) ‘Kenyan School Children Have Multiple Micronutrient

Deficiencies, but Increased Plasma Vitamin B-12 Is the Only Detectable

Micronutrient Response to Meat or Milk Supplementation’, The Journal of

Nutrition, 133(11), pp. 3972S-3980S. Available at:

https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/133.11.3972S.

7. Roberts, M., Tolar-Peterson, T., Reynolds, A., Wall, C., Reeder, N. and Rico Mendez,

G. (2022) ‘The Effects of Nutritional Interventions on the Cognitive Development

of Preschool-Age Children: A Systematic Review’, Nutrients, 14(3), p. 532.

Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14030532.

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8. Roberts, S.B., Franceschini, M.A., Silver, R.E., Taylor, S.F., Sa, A.B. de, Có, R., Sonco,

A., Krauss, A., Taetzsch, A., Webb, P., Das, S.K., Chen, C.-Y., Rogers, B.L., Saltzman, E.,

Lin, P.-Y., Schlossman, N., Pruzensky, W., Balé, C., Chui, K.K.H. and Muentener, P.

(2020) ‘Effects of food supplementation on cognitive function, cerebral blood

flow, and nutritional status in young children at risk of undernutrition:

randomized controlled trial’, BMJ, 370, p. m2397. Available at:

https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m2397.

9. Agrawal, R. and Gomez-Pinilla, F. (2012) ‘“Metabolic syndrome” in the brain:

deficiency in omega-3 fatty acid exacerbates dysfunctions in insulin receptor

signalling and cognition’, The Journal of Physiology, 590(Pt 10), pp. 2485–2499.

Available at: https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2012.230078.

10. Hennessy, Á., McCarthy, E.K., ní Chaoimh, C., Murray, D.M. and Kiely, M. (2023)

‘Poor quality diets characterised by low nutrient density foods observed in

one-quarter of 2-year-olds in a high resource setting.’, The Journal of Nutrition

[Preprint]. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.06.029.

11. Derbyshire, E. and Obeid, R. (2020) ‘Choline, Neurological Development and

Brain Function: A Systematic Review Focusing on the First 1000 Days’, Nutrients,

12(6), p. 1731. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061731.

12. Schwarzenberg, S.J., Georgieff, M.K., COMMITTEE ON NUTRITION, Daniels, S.,

Corkins, M., Golden, N.H., Kim, J.H., Lindsey, C.W. and Magge, S.N. (2018)

‘Advocacy for Improving Nutrition in the First 1000 Days to Support Childhood

Development and Adult Health’, Pediatrics, 141(2), p. e20173716. Available at:

https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-3716.

13. Derbyshire, E. and Obeid, R. (2020) ‘Choline, Neurological Development and

Brain Function: A Systematic Review Focusing on the First 1000 Days’, Nutrients,

12(6), p. 1731. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061731.

14. NIH - Office of Dietary Supplements - Choline (no date). Available at:

https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Choline-HealthProfessional/ (Accessed: 20

May 2023).

15. Iannotti, L.L., Lutter, C.K., Stewart, C.P., Gallegos Riofrío, C.A., Malo, C., Reinhart, G.,

Palacios, A., Karp, C., Chapnick, M., Cox, K. and Waters, W.F. (2017) ‘Eggs in Early

Complementary Feeding and Child Growth: A Randomized Controlled Trial’,

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4. Obesity

1. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight

2. Hammel, M.C. et al. (2023) ‘Fasting indices of glucose-insulin-metabolism across

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Wee, C.L., Fortier, M.V., Ang, K.K., Lee, Y.S., Yap, F., Eriksson, J.G., Meaney, M.J. and

Tan, A.P. (2023) ‘Functional activity of the caudate mediates the relation between

early childhood microstructural variations and elevated metabolic syndrome

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5. Salah, N.Y., Taha, S.I., Hassan, S., Abdeen, M.S.E., Hashim, M.A. and Mahmoud, R.

(2022) ‘Metabolism and memory: α-synuclein level in children with obesity and

children with type 1 diabetes; relation to glucotoxicity, lipotoxicity and executive

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6. Sriwimol, W. and Limprasert, P. (2018) ‘Significant Changes in Plasma

Alpha-Synuclein and Beta-Synuclein Levels in Male Children with Autism

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Acosta, J.N., Falcone, G.J., Taylor, S.N., Ment, L.R., Sheth, K.N. and Payabvash, S.

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healthy school-age children’, Frontiers in Pediatrics, 11, p. 1198792. Available at:

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15. Streit F, Prandovszky E, Send T, Zillich L, Frank J, Sabunciyan S, Foo J, Sirignano L,

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16. Carlson, A.L., Xia, K., Azcarate-Peril, M.A., Goldman, B.D., Ahn, M., Styner, M.A.,

Thompson, A.L., Geng, X., Gilmore, J.H. and Knickmeyer, R.C. (2018) ‘Infant Gut

Microbiome Associated With Cognitive Development’, Biological Psychiatry,

83(2), pp. 148–159. Available at:

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32. Benton, D., Maconie, A. and Williams, C. (2007) ‘The influence of the glycaemic

load of breakfast on the behaviour of children in school’, Physiology & Behavior,

92(4), pp. 717–724. Available at:

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.05.065.

33. Halyburton, A.K. et al. (2007) ‘Low- and high-carbohydrate weight-loss diets have

similar effects on mood but not cognitive performance’, The American Journal of

Clinical Nutrition, 86(3), pp. 580–587. Available at:

https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/86.3.580.

34. Mujica-Parodi, L.R., Amgalan, A., Sultan, S.F., Antal, B., Sun, X., Skiena, S., Lithen, A.,

Adra, N., Ratai, E.-M., Weistuch, C., Govindarajan, S.T., Strey, H.H., Dill, K.A.,

Stufflebeam, S.M., Veech, R.L. and Clarke, K. (2020) ‘Diet modulates brain

network stability, a biomarker for brain aging, in young adults’, Proceedings of

the National Academy of Sciences, 117(11), pp. 6170–6177. Available at:

https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1913042117.

35. Hilger, K. et al. (2020) ‘Temporal stability of functional brain modules associated

with human intelligence’, Human Brain Mapping, 41(2), pp. 362–372. Available

at: https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.24807.

36. Hallböök, T. et al. (2012) ‘The effects of the ketogenic diet on behavior and

cognition’, Epilepsy Research, 100(3), pp. 304–309. Available at:

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2011.04.017.

37. Berkel, A.A. van, IJff, D.M. and Verkuyl, J.M. (2018) ‘Cognitive benefits of the

ketogenic diet in patients with epilepsy: A systematic overview’, Epilepsy &

Behavior, 87, pp. 69–77. Available at:

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2018.06.004.

5. Type 1 Diabetes

1. Mazaika, P.K., Weinzimer, S.A., Mauras, N., Buckingham, B., White, N.H., Tsalikian,

E., Hershey, T., Cato, A., Aye, T., Fox, L., Wilson, D.M., Tansey, M.J., Tamborlane, W.,

Peng, D., Raman, M., Marzelli, M. and Reiss, A.L. (2016) ‘Variations in Brain

Volume and Growth in Young Children With Type 1 Diabetes’, Diabetes, 65(2), pp.

476–485. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2337/db15-1242.

2. Marzelli, M.J., Mazaika, P.K., Barnea-Goraly, N., Hershey, T., Tsalikian, E.,

Tamborlane, W., Mauras, N., White, N.H., Buckingham, B., Beck, R.W., Ruedy, K.J.,

Kollman, C., Cheng, P., Reiss, A.L. and for the Diabetes Research in Children

Network (DirecNet) (2014) ‘Neuroanatomical Correlates of Dysglycemia in

Young Children With Type 1 Diabetes’, Diabetes, 63(1), pp. 343–353. Available at:

https://doi.org/10.2337/db13-0179.

3. Arbelaez, A.M., Semenkovich, K. and Hershey, T. (2013) ‘Glycemic extremes in

youth with T1DM: Effects on the developing brain’s structural and functional

integrity’, Pediatric diabetes, 14(8), p. 10.1111/pedi.12088. Available at:

https://doi.org/10.1111/pedi.12088.

4. He, J. et al. (2018) ‘Glycemic extremes are related to cognitive dysfunction in

children with type 1 diabetes: A meta-analysis’, Journal of Diabetes Investigation,

9(6), pp. 1342–1353. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/jdi.12840.

5. Salah, N.Y., Taha, S.I., Hassan, S., Abdeen, M.S.E., Hashim, M.A. and Mahmoud, R.

(2022) ‘Metabolism and memory: α-synuclein level in children with obesity and

children with type 1 diabetes; relation to glucotoxicity, lipotoxicity and executive

July 2023 Top p 9

functions’, International Journal of Obesity, pp. 1–10. Available at:

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-022-01222-z.

6. Bernal-Conde LD, Ramos-Acevedo R, Reyes-Hernández MA, Balbuena-Olvera AJ,

Morales-Moreno ID, Argüero-Sánchez R, Schüle B, Guerra-Crespo M.

Alpha-synuclein physiology and pathology: A perspective on cellular structures

and organelles. Frontiers in Neuroscience. 2020 Jan 23;13:1399.

7. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2019.01399/full

8. Sriwimol W, Limprasert P. “Significant Changes in Plasma Alpha-Synuclein and

Beta-Synuclein Levels in Male Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder”, BioMed

Research International. 2018; 4503871.

https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4503871.

9. Lennerz, B.S., Barton, A., Bernstein, R.K., Dikeman, R.D., Diulus, C., Hallberg, S.,

Rhodes, E.T., Ebbeling, C.B., Westman, E.C., Yancy, W.S. and Ludwig, D.S. (2018)

‘Management of Type 1 Diabetes With a Very Low-Carbohydrate Diet’, Pediatrics,

141(6). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-3349.

10. MD, R.K.B. (2011) Dr. Bernstein’s Diabetes Solution: The Complete Guide to

Achieving Normal Blood Sugars. Revised edition. New York: Little, Brown Spark.

11. Type one grit traces from Dave Dikeman/Typeonegrit, with permission

12. Harray, A.J., Roberts, A.G., Crosby, N.E., Shoneye, C. and Bebbington, K. (2023)

‘Experiences and Attitudes of Parents Reducing Carbohydrate Intake in the

Management of Their Child’s Type 1 Diabetes: A Qualitative Study’, Nutrients,

15(7), p. 1666. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15071666.

13. Reiss, A.L. et al. (2022) ‘A Pilot randomized trial to examine effects of a hybrid

closed-loop insulin delivery system on neurodevelopmental and cognitive

outcomes in adolescents with type 1 diabetes’, Nature Communications, 13(1), p.

4940. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-32289-x.

14. He, J. et al. (2018) ‘Glycemic extremes are related to cognitive dysfunction in

children with type 1 diabetes: A meta-analysis’, Journal of Diabetes Investigation,

9(6), pp. 1342–1353. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/jdi.12840.

15. McNally, K. et al. (2010) ‘Executive Functioning, Treatment Adherence, and

Glycemic Control in Children With Type 1 Diabetes’, Diabetes Care, 33(6), pp.

1159–1162. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc09-2116.

6. ASD and ADHD

1. Rice, S. (2021) ‘Autism Spectrum Disorder and ADHD’. Nutrition Network.

Available at:

https://nutrition-network.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/NNHandout_ASD-and-ADHD-v2.0.pdf

2. Kern, J.K., Geier, D.A., Sykes, L.K., Geier, M.R. and Deth, R.C. (2015) ‘Are ASD and

ADHD a Continuum? A Comparison of Pathophysiological Similarities Between

the Disorders’, Journal of Attention Disorders, 19(9), pp. 805–827. Available at:

https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054712459886. PDF

July 2023 Top p 10

3. Vui, L.T., Duc, D.M., Quynh, C.T.T., Tuan, D.K., Huong, N.M., Thanh, N.T.M., Hung,

N.M., Minh, H.V. and Ha, B.T.T. (2023) ‘Ante-, Peri-, and Neonatal Factors

Associated with Autism Spectrum Disorders in Vietnam: A Population-Based

Cross-Sectional Survey’, Iranian Journal of Public Health, 52(5), pp. 950–959.

Available at: https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v52i5.12711.

4. https://neurodivergentinsights.com/misdiagnosis-monday/adhd-vs-autism -

nice graphic

5. Sriwimol, W. and Limprasert, P. (2018) ‘Significant Changes in Plasma

Alpha-Synuclein and Beta-Synuclein Levels in Male Children with Autism

Spectrum Disorder’, BioMed Research International, 2018, pp. 1–7. Available at:

https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4503871.

6. Norwitz, N.G., Jaramillo, J.G., Clarke, K. and Soto, A. (2020) ‘Ketotherapeutics for

neurodegenerative diseases’, International Review of Neurobiology, 155, pp.

141–168. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.irn.2020.02.003.

(α-synuclein)

7. Hu, Z., Yang, Y., Zhao, Y., Yu, H., Ying, X., Zhou, D., Zhong, J., Zheng, Z., Liu, J., Pan, R.,

Zhang, W., Cheng, F. and Duan, S. (2018) ‘APOE hypermethylation is associated

with autism spectrum disorder in a Chinese population’, Experimental and

Therapeutic Medicine, 15(6), p. 4749. Available at:

https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.6069.

8. Cheng, N., Rho, J.M. and Masino, S.A. (2017) ‘Metabolic Dysfunction Underlying

Autism Spectrum Disorder and Potential Treatment Approaches’, Frontiers in

Molecular Neuroscience, 10. Available at:

https://doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2017.00034.

9. Cheng, N., Rho, J.M. and Masino, S.A. (2017) ‘Metabolic Dysfunction Underlying

Autism Spectrum Disorder and Potential Treatment Approaches’, Frontiers in

Molecular Neuroscience, 10. Available at:

https://doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2017.00034.

10. El-Rashidy, O., El-Baz, F., El-Gendy, Y., Khalaf, R., Reda, D. and Saad, K. (2017)

‘Ketogenic diet versus gluten free casein free diet in autistic children: a

case-control study’, Metabolic Brain Disease, 32(6), pp. 1935–1941. Available at:

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-017-0088-z.

11. Ly, V. et al. (2017) ‘Elimination diets’ efficacy and mechanisms in attention deficit

hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder’, European Child &

Adolescent Psychiatry, 26(9), pp. 1067–1079. Available at:

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-017-0959-1.

12. Lee, R.W.Y. et al. (2018) ‘A modified ketogenic gluten-free diet with MCT improves

behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder’, Physiology & Behavior, 188,

pp. 205–211. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.02.006.

13. Żarnowska, I. et al. (2018) ‘Therapeutic use of carbohydrate-restricted diets in an

autistic child; a case report of clinical and 18FDG PET findings’, Metabolic Brain

Disease, 33(4), pp. 1187–1192. Available at:

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-018-0219-1.

July 2023 Top p 11

14. Adams, J.B. et al. (2018) ‘Comprehensive Nutritional and Dietary Intervention for

Autism Spectrum Disorder—A Randomized, Controlled 12-Month Trial’,

Nutrients, 10(3), p. 369. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10030369.

15. Mathee, K. et al. (2020) ‘The gut microbiome and neuropsychiatric disorders:

implications for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)’, Journal of

Medical Microbiology, 69(1), pp. 14–24. Available at:

https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001112.

16. Wang, M. et al. (2019) ‘Alterations in Gut Glutamate Metabolism Associated with

Changes in Gut Microbiota Composition in Children with Autism Spectrum

Disorder’, mSystems, 4(1), pp. e00321-18. Available at:

https://doi.org/10.1128/mSystems.00321-18.

17. Garcia-Gutierrez, E., Narbad, A. and Rodríguez, J.M. (2020) ‘Autism Spectrum

Disorder Associated With Gut Microbiota at Immune, Metabolomic, and

Neuroactive Level’, Frontiers in Neuroscience, 14. Available at:

https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2020.578666.

18. Bundgaard-Nielsen, C. et al. (2020) ‘Gut microbiota profiles of autism spectrum

disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A systematic literature

review.’, Gut Microbes, 11(5), pp. 1172–1187. Available at:

https://doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2020.1748258.

19. Ristori, M.V. et al. (2019) ‘Autism, Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Modulation of

Gut Microbiota by Nutritional Interventions’, Nutrients, 11(11), p. 2812. Available

at: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112812. (gut permeability)

20. Rytter, M.J.H. et al. (2015) ‘Diet in the treatment of ADHD in children—A

systematic review of the literature’, Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 69(1), pp. 1–18.

Available at: https://doi.org/10.3109/08039488.2014.921933.

21. Uldall Torp, N.M. and Thomsen, P.H. (2020) ‘The use of diet interventions to treat

symptoms of ADHD in children and adolescents - a systematic review of

randomized controlled trials’, Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 74(8), pp. 558–568.

Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/08039488.2020.1769187.

22. Pelsser, L. et al. (2020) ‘Retrospective Outcome Monitoring of ADHD and

Nutrition (ROMAN): The Effectiveness of the Few-Foods Diet in General Practice’,

Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, p. 96. Available at:

https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00096.

23. Pelsser, L.M. et al. (2017) ‘Diet and ADHD, Reviewing the Evidence: A Systematic

Review of Meta-Analyses of Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trials Evaluating

the Efficacy of Diet Interventions on the Behavior of Children with ADHD’, PLOS

ONE, 12(1), p. e0169277. Available at:

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169277.

24. Portwood, M.M. (2006) ‘The role of dietary fatty acids in children’s behaviour and

learning’, Nutrition and Health, 18(3), pp. 233–247. Available at:

https://doi.org/10.1177/026010600601800306.

July 2023 Top p 12

7. Epilepsy (Brief signpost only)

1. Berkel, A.A. van, IJff, D.M. and Verkuyl, J.M. (2018) ‘Cognitive benefits of the

ketogenic diet in patients with epilepsy: A systematic overview’, Epilepsy &

Behavior, 87, pp. 69–77. Available at:

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2018.06.004.

2. Paibool, W., Schimpf, S., Nordli, D.R. and Phitsanuwong, C. (2023) ‘Modified

Atkins diet in children with epilepsy with eyelid myoclonia (Jeavons syndrome)’,

Epilepsy & Behavior: E&B, 145, p. 109347. Available at:

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2023.109347.

8. Metabolically resilient ?

1. Hawkins, M.A.W., Keirns, N.G. and Helms, Z. (2018) ‘Carbohydrates and cognitive

function’, Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care, 21(4), pp.

302–307. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0000000000000471.

2. Garcia, C., Tomilov, A., Sandoval, J. and Cortopassi, G.A. (2021) ‘ApoE4 confers

mitochondrial substrate oxidation defects that can be bioenergetically

compensated by a ketogenic substrate beta-hydroxy butyrate (BHB)’, Alzheimer’s

& Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer’s Association, 17 Suppl 3, p. e054355.

Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.054355.

3. Hawkins, M.A.W., Keirns, N.G. and Helms, Z. (2018) ‘Carbohydrates and cognitive

function’, Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care, 21(4), pp.

302–307. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0000000000000471.

4. González-García, I., Gruber, T. and García-Cáceres, C. (2021) ‘Insulin action on

astrocytes: From energy homeostasis to behaviour’, Journal of

Neuroendocrinology, 33(4), p. e12953. Available at:

https://doi.org/10.1111/jne.12953.

5. Barberger-Gateau, P. et al. (2011) ‘Dietary omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids

and Alzheimer’s disease: interaction with apolipoprotein E genotype’, Current

Alzheimer Research, 8(5), pp. 479–491. Available at:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3518784/ (Accessed: 7 August

2023).

6. Sünram-Lea, S. and Owen, L. (2017) ‘The impact of diet-based glycaemic

response and glucose regulation on cognition: evidence across the lifespan’, The

Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 76, pp. 1–12. Available at:

https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665117000829.

7. Zhang, S. et al. (2023) ‘Glycemic variability correlates with medial temporal lobe

atrophy and decreased cognitive performance in patients with memory deficits’,

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 15, p. 1156908. Available at:

https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2023.1156908.

July 2023 Top p 13

8. Mujica-Parodi, L.R., Amgalan, A., Sultan, S.F., Antal, B., Sun, X., Skiena, S., Lithen, A.,

Adra, N., Ratai, E.-M., Weistuch, C., Govindarajan, S.T., Strey, H.H., Dill, K.A.,

Stufflebeam, S.M., Veech, R.L. and Clarke, K. (2020) ‘Diet modulates brain

network stability, a biomarker for brain aging, in young adults’, Proceedings of the

National Academy of Sciences, 117(11), pp. 6170–6177. Available at:

https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1913042117.

9. Hasan, F., Jirout, J., Garzione, S. and Kranz, S. (2021) ‘Changes in Learning

Outcomes after Dietary Intervention in Preschoolers: A Pilot Study’, Nutrients,

13(6), p. 1797. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13061797.

10. Neumann, C.G., Murphy, S.P., Gewa, C., Grillenberger, M. and Bwibo, N.O. (2007)

‘Meat Supplementation Improves Growth, Cognitive, and Behavioral Outcomes in

Kenyan Children1,2’, The Journal of Nutrition, 137(4), pp. 1119–1123. Available

at: https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/137.4.1119.

11. Shapiro, A.L.B., Wilkening, G., Aalborg, J., Ringham, B.M., Glueck, D.H., Tregellas,

J.R. and Dabelea, D. (2019) ‘Childhood Metabolic Biomarkers Are Associated with

Performance on Cognitive Tasks in Young Children’, The Journal of pediatrics,

211, pp. 92–97. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.03.043.

12. Benton, D., Maconie, A. and Williams, C. (2007) ‘The influence of the glycaemic

load of breakfast on the behaviour of children in school’, Physiology & Behavior,

92(4), pp. 717–724. Available at:

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.05.065.

July 2023 Top p 14

© 2023 Sarah M. Rice. All rights reserved.